#ifdef WTSH
    #include <wtsh.h>
#else
    #include <bits/stdc++.h>
    using namespace std;
    #define dbg(...)
#endif

#define int long long
#define endl "\n"
#define sz(w) (int)(w.size())
using pii = pair<int, int>;

const long long INF = 1e18;

const int N = 1e6 + 5; 

// -------------------- Input Checker Start --------------------

long long readInt(long long l, long long r, char endd)
{
    long long x = 0;
    int cnt = 0, fi = -1;
    bool is_neg = false;
    while(true)
    {
        char g = getchar();
        if(g == '-')
        {
            assert(fi == -1);
            is_neg = true;
            continue;
        }
        if('0' <= g && g <= '9')
        {
            x *= 10;
            x += g - '0';
            if(cnt == 0)
                fi = g - '0';
            cnt++;
            assert(fi != 0 || cnt == 1);
            assert(fi != 0 || is_neg == false);
            assert(!(cnt > 19 || (cnt == 19 && fi > 1)));
        }
        else if(g == endd)
        {
            if(is_neg)
                x = -x;
            if(!(l <= x && x <= r))
            {
                cerr << l << ' ' << r << ' ' << x << '\n';
                assert(false);
            }
            return x;
        }
        else
        {
            assert(false);
        }
    }
}

string readString(int l, int r, char endd)
{
    string ret = "";
    int cnt = 0;
    while(true)
    {
        char g = getchar();
        assert(g != -1);
        if(g == endd)
            break;
        cnt++;
        ret += g;
    }
    assert(l <= cnt && cnt <= r);
    return ret;
}

long long readIntSp(long long l, long long r) { return readInt(l, r, ' '); }
long long readIntLn(long long l, long long r) { return readInt(l, r, '\n'); }
string readStringLn(int l, int r) { return readString(l, r, '\n'); }
string readStringSp(int l, int r) { return readString(l, r, ' '); }
void readEOF() { assert(getchar() == EOF); }

vector<int> readVectorInt(int n, long long l, long long r)
{
    vector<int> a(n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
        a[i] = readIntSp(l, r);
    a[n - 1] = readIntLn(l, r);
    return a;
}

// -------------------- Input Checker End --------------------

void solve()
{
    int n = readIntSp(2, 20);
    int k = readIntLn(0, (1 << n) - 1);
    n = 1 << n;
    cout << (n - 1) * (n - 2) << endl;
}

int32_t main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(0); 
    cin.tie(0);
    int T = readIntLn(1, 5000);
    for(int tc = 1; tc <= T; tc++)
    {
        // cout << "Case #" << tc << ": ";
        solve();
    }
    readEOF();
    return 0;
}